April 2021 – It is not every day that scientists come across a phenomenon so fundamental that it is observed across fruit flies, rodents and humans.

In a paper published today in Aging Cell, neuroscientists from the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences discovered that a single protein—a glutamate transporter on the membrane of vesicles that carry dopamine in neurons—is key to regulating sex differences in the brain’s vulnerability to age-related neuron loss.